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The Bongsan Mask Dance-Drama is a masque
representative of Hwanghae Province, located in what
is presently north Korea, which was originally performed
in Kyongsu-dae in Bongsan township. After around 1915,
when the county administration office was moved to Sariwon
and the Seoul-Shinuiju rail line was opened, the Bongsan
masque was performed at the foot of Mt. Kyongam in Sariwon.
In the early 1930's it was decided by the masque players
and those in the region who sought to preserve this
art to establish maintain and the Pongsan Mask Dance-Drama
Preservation Society. On August 15, 1945, Korea was
liberated from Japan and divided into north and south.
The Korean War that broke out on June 25, 1950 brought
about a resultant stagnation in the activities of the
Society. Fortunate it was, however, that the majority
of the performers were able to escape to the south ;
and, in 1958, the Society was once again rehabilitated
with such notable players as Kim, Jin-ok and Lee, Keun-sung
at the forefront, and it has been maintained down until
the present day.
In 1961, the Bongsan masque copped the Presidential
Prize at the 1st National Folk Art Contest, and was
the winner of many top awards at similar functions thereafter.
In 1965, the Cultural Properties Bureau assigned various
scholars specializing in this particular field to undertake
research on the Bongsan masque ; and, in 1967, it was
designated "Important Intangible Cultural Property
No. 17" by the Korean government.
In order that the masque might be properly transmitted,
the training of successors was begun in 1962, and it
is they who, today, perform the leading roles. In 1973,
the Ministry of Culture and Information established
the Successor's Hall, and it is here where future transmitters
of the art are now being trained even more intensively
than before.
In 1965, the Asia Society sponsored a performance tour
of the U. S. by the Bongsan masque, and, for two years
thereafter, the troupe rehearsed extensively to prepare
for future overseas tours. From March 1 to April 30,
1977, the troupe performed at such places as Harvard
University and the American Museum of Natural History
in New York where it was praised as one of the first
genuine forms of Asian theater to be performed outside
of its natural habitat. In May of the same year, the
troupe performed in Tokyo under the auspices of the
Asahi Newspaper Corp. where it was lauded both in the
press and on TV for its performances.
In 1978. the troupe participated in the CIOFF International
Folk Arts Festival where it gave performances in seven
European countries, including Belgium, the Netherlands,
Luxembourg, Denmark, France, Sweden, and West Germany,
for a period of three months, receiving wide acclaim.
In 1979, the troupe performed in Hong Kong and Taiwan
where it received favorable criticism, and, in 1980,
it once again visited Europe under the auspices of the
Extra European Arts where it performed in five countries
: France, West Germany (including West Berlin), Switzerland,
Italy, and Spain. The performance tour received accolades
from European theater circles.
In 1983, part of the troupe performed in Japan, and
this year they are scheduled to return for another performance.
The Bongsan masque, long recognized as one of the finest
forms of Korean mask dance-drama, has now received world-wide
recognition as well. The superbtexture of the dance,
dialogue, gesture, song, and musical accompaniment,
as well as the costumes and masks employed, have always
left a deep and lasting impression and reaped great
praise from audiences both at home and abroad.
It is believed, then, that it is for this reason that
the organizing committee of the Los Angeles Olympics
has so graciously extended an invitation to the Bongsan
troupe to participate in the grand opening arts festival
on this very auspicious occasion.
In the future, the Bongsan troupe will endeavor to set
up a cultural interchange with other nations throughout
the world whereby performances may be able to be staged
in one another's countries.
Today, in Korea, the successors of this masque are passing
on their heritage to the younger generation, many of
whom are graduates of established colleges and universities,
thus providing an even brighter prospect for this dance-dramatic
art in the years to Fervor among scholars and students,
both in Korea and elsewhere, to undertake research on
the masks, costumes, dialogue, gesture, song, and musical
accompaniment has continually been on the rise. In addition,
the desire on the part of student circles on every college
and university campus in Korea to learn more about the
Bongsan masque has been growing continuously.
It is through this link, then, that most of the members
of the Society have been actively engaged in conducting
classes on campuses throughout the nation. And, in line
with this, Bongsan masque contests for college students
are being planned in the future to inject it with an
even greater vitality.
The Society is presently working on a plan to construct
its own institute in the future. It is there that film
showings of past masters of this art will be shown and
materials used in performances placed on exhibit. The
training of successors will also be continued there,
and the institute will be open to both Koreans and foreigners
alike, to men and women, to whomsoever wishes to make
use of the available facilities to further his study
and research on the Bongsan masque.
The creation of such an institute is not without its
problems, but with the firm support and backing of those
who deeply treasure the Bongsan masque, the realization
of a truly superb institute shall be sooner at hand.
With the gradual emergence of the Korean Bongsan Mask
Dance-Drama onto the stages of the world, it is hoped
that in the future this masque will continue even further
in the presentation of performances to all peoples of
the world and to all the corners of the earth.
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